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SK Year-End Closing (accounts 701 / 702 / 710)

Closes the Slovak books at year end through the closing accounts 710, 702 and 701, and makes those accounts postable in the first place.

What it is for

Slovak double-entry bookkeeping closes the year through three closing accounts (závierkové účty), which standard Odoo does not know:

The module does two things:

1. It makes 701, 702 and 710 postable. Odoo's Slovak chart of accounts ships them as off-balance accounts, and Odoo refuses any journal entry that mixes an off-balance account with an ordinary one. A closing entry is exactly such a mix, so without this module no closing could be posted at all (see Accounts retyped).
2. It ships a closing template for the OCA Fiscal year closing engine (account_fiscal_year_closing), which produces the three closing and opening entries from the ledger.

It installs itself when the Slovak chart of accounts (l10n_sk) and account_fiscal_year_closing are both installed.

Legal background

• When the books are closed and opened. A legal entity closes its books on the last day of the accounting period and opens them on the first day of the next one — § 16 ods. 4 písm. b) and § 16 ods. 1 písm. b) of the Accounting Act. Closing the books on the last day of the period is what makes the financial statements riadna (ordinary) — § 17 ods. 6.
• How the closing is posted. The Ministry of Finance's opatrenie on accounting procedures for entrepreneurs in double-entry bookkeeping (MF SR No. 23054/2002-92, announced as No. 740/2002 Z. z.) prescribes the sequence in § 8 ods. 2: first the income tax is computed and booked (letter c); then the closing balances of the cost accounts are posted against 710 and those of the revenue accounts likewise (letter d); the closing balances of the asset accounts and of the liability and equity accounts are posted against 702 (letter e); finally the result is transferred from 710 to 702 (letter f).
• How the books are opened. Under § 7 ods. 2 the opening balances are posted against 701. Under § 7 ods. 3 the result of the previous period is opened on 431 Výsledok hospodárenia v schvaľovaní (result awaiting approval), and under § 7 ods. 4 it leaves 431 when the competent body decides how to distribute the profit or settle the loss.
• General partnerships. In a verejná obchodná spoločnosť (and towards the general partners of a komanditná spoločnosť) the result is not transferred to 702 but booked as the partners' share through 596 — § 8 ods. 4. The template does not cover this case.

Accounts retyped

Odoo's Slovak chart gives 701000, 702000 and 710000 the account type Off-Balance Sheet (Podsúvaha in the Slovak translation). Odoo has a hard rule that an entry containing an off-balance account may not contain any other kind of account. Closing class 5 against 710, or a balance-sheet account against 702, breaks that rule, and Odoo rejects the entry.

The module therefore changes the type of these three accounts to Equity:

• for every company that already has the Slovak chart, once, when the module is installed (only where the account is still off-balance — a type you set yourself is left alone);
• for companies that load the Slovak chart later, through the chart template.

What this changes for you:

• The closing and opening entries, and any opening balance posted against 701, can be posted.
• The Slovak statutory statements are not affected: they map rows by account code, not by type, and leave out class 7 altogether.
• Odoo's own generic balance sheet now shows the three accounts in equity. After a matched closing and opening they net to zero, but a period with a closing and no opening yet (or the reverse) shows a balance on them.
• Account 711 Začiatočný účet nákladov a výnosov is not touched and stays off-balance; the template does not use it.

Setting it up

The template appears under Accounting → Configuration → Fiscal Year Closing → Closing templates as Účtovná závierka (SK) — 701 / 702 / 710 (the engine's own screens are in English). It has three steps:

Receivable and payable accounts are closed per partner (Un-reconciled), so every partner's balance is carried into the new year; all other accounts are closed by their balance.

Before the first closing:

• Create a journal for the closing, for example UZAV of type Miscellaneous, and set it as the Journal of each step — on the template or on the closing itself. Without one, the engine uses the journal with code MISC, or the first miscellaneous journal.
• Register that journal as a year-end closing journal of the company (field Year-end closing journals, Denníky koncoročnej uzávierky in Slovak, provided by l10n_cssk_core). The statutory financial statements and the income tax return leave entries in those journals out, and l10n_cssk_account_financial_report can do the same in the ledger reports. Otherwise the closing entries count as ordinary activity, and on the last day of the year every closed account shows zero. In this version the field is not shown on any form; an administrator sets it, for example by importing it into the list of companies.
• Review the template with your accountant. It is copied into each closing, so changes made there apply to that closing only.

Closing a year

1. Book everything for the year, including the income tax (591 / 341), which § 8 ods. 2 písm. c) requires before the accounts are closed.
2. Accounting → Accounting → Fiscal year closings, then New. Enter the year (for a fiscal year spanning two calendar years, the later one) and check From date, To date and Opening date. Choose the closing template; its steps are copied into Moves configuration, where you can still change journals, dates and mappings.
3. Check draft moves is on by default: the calculation stops if any draft entry is dated within the year.
4. Click Calculate. The three entries are created as drafts. Review them with Show moves / Show move lines. If one of them does not balance, Odoo shows the unbalanced lines instead.
5. Click Confirm and post moves. Cancel removes the closing entries again; Recalculate deletes and recreates them.

What the module changes in the engine for Slovak companies:

• 702 carries a counter-entry for every account. The generic engine would post a single line with the net of all sources — which on a complete balance sheet is zero, so 702 would not appear at all. Here each closed account has its mirror line on 702 (or on 710 in the first step), and 702 sums to zero by the balance-sheet equation.
• The opening runs through 701. The engine opens the year by reversing the closing entry, which would leave 702 on both sides. The module moves the counterpart of the opening entry to 701000.
• The result is reopened on 431. The reversal would also put the result back on 710; the module moves that line to 431000 (see below).

The result in the opening entry

The closing carries the result from 710 to 702. In the opening entry the module books it on 431000 Výsledok hospodárenia v schvaľovaní, as § 7 ods. 3 of the opatrenie requires: a profit as 701 debit / 431 credit, a loss as 431 debit / 701 credit. 710 does not appear in the opening entry. If the company has no account 431000, the line stays on 710 and the server log says so; change it to your 431 account before posting.

Opening entries posted with version 19.0.1.0.1 or earlier reopened the result on 710. If you have one, post an entry on its opening date moving the balance from 710 to 431.

The decision of the general meeting (or other competent body) on the result is a separate entry, posted later: l10n_sk_account_move_template provides the templates Preúčtovanie schváleného zisku (431 na 428) and Preúčtovanie schválenej straty (431 na 429).

Limitations

• Income tax is not computed or booked by the closing.
• General partnerships (§ 8 ods. 4 of the opatrenie, account 596) are not covered by the template.
• Balances are taken from entries dated between From date and To date. A balance-sheet account whose opening balance was posted before the start of the year (for example by a data migration dated earlier) is closed only for the movement of the year. Open each year with an entry dated on its first day.
• Closing and opening lines on receivable and payable accounts are not reconciled with the invoices they carry forward. They net to zero per partner, but appear in open-item lists and ageing reports.
• Only Slovak companies (chart template sk) get the per-account mirroring, the 701 opening and the result on 431; other companies keep the engine's generic behaviour.
• Closing conventions differ between accountants, notably in how the result reaches 702. The template is a starting point and should be signed off by your accountant before the first live closing.